CONTENT VS. PROCESS THEORIES

*CONTENTTHEORIES – it focus on the factor within a person that energize, direct, sustain and stop behavior.

* PROCESSTHEORIES- provide a description and analysis of how behavior is energize, directed, sustained and stopped.

IMPLICATION OF THEORIES CONTENT – theories for program designers content theories focus on individual needs in explaining job satisfaction, behavior and reward system.

PROCESS THEORIES OF MOTIVATION PROCESS – theories attempt to explain how behavior is energized, direct, sustained and stopped.

                             4 MAJOR PROCESS THEORIES:

1. REINFORCEMENTTHEORY

 – Any event that strengthens or increases the behavior it follows.

-Responses from the environment that increase the probability of a behavior being repeated.

a)    Positivereinforcers – are favorable events or outcomes that are presented after the behavior. A behavior is strengthened by praise or direct reward.

b)   Negative reinforcers- involved the removal of an unfavorable events or outcomes after the display of a behavior. A behavior is strengthened by the removal of something considered unpleasant.

c)    PUNISHMENT – an undesirable consequence of particular behavior.

2. EXPECTANCYMODEL – looks at how likely it is that the performance and outcome will occur.

3.EQUITYTHEORY – theory is based on the taking up that employees compose their efforts and rewards with those of others, in similar works situations.

4. GOAL-SETTINGTHEORY – developed by J. Stacey Adams, a research psychologist working for general Electric, is considered by many researchers to be too restricted and incomplete to be useful for general application.

a)    Intrinsicrewards – rewards that are part of the job itself (responsibility, challenge, and feedback, or rewards that are self-administered.)

b)   Extrinsic rewards – rewards that are external to be job (pay, promotion, fringe benefits or tangible rewards, or rewards that are administered by someone else.

REFLECTION:

Content theory and Process theory was different from each other. content theory emphasizes the the reasons of our needs while process theory focuses on the psychological processes which affect our motivation. It helps me to know the needs and understand the behavior of the individual to motivate them.