INFORMATION PROCESSING

➡ is a cognitive theoretical framework that focus on how knowledge enters and is stored in and is retrieved from our memory. It is one of the most significant cognitive theories in the last century and it has strong implication on the teaching process.

                                               

 INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY

➡ described how the learners received information from the environment through the senses and what take place in between determines whether the information will continue to pass through the sensory register then the short term memory and long term memory.

TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE

1. General vs. Specific

-this involves whether the knowledge is useful in many task or only in one.

2. Declarative

-this refer to factual knowledge.

3. Procedural

-this includes knowledge on how to do things.

4. Episodic

- this includes memories of life events.

5. Conditional

-this is about learning when and why to apply declarative or procedural strategies.

 STAGE IN THE (IPT)

1. Encoding➡ information is sensed, perceived and attained.

2. Storage➡ this information is stored for either a brief or intended period of time depending upon the process following encoding.

3.Retrieval➡ the information is bought back at the appropriate time and reactivate for use on a current task.

        KINDS OF MEMORY

1. Sensory Memory

- this refers to initial, momentary storage information lasting only for an instant.

2. Short term Memory

- this is the storage of information for 15-20 seconds. In this state the information is stored in terms of its meaning rather than mere sensory stimulation.

3. Long term Memory

- this is the storage of information on the permanent basis. Retrieval through maybe difficult.

      IMPROVING MEMORY

1. Chunking

- this is meaningful grouping of items together that can be remembered as a unit in a short term memory.

2. Mnemonic

-this is a formal technique for organizing materials in a way that makes it more remembered.

3. Rehearsal

- this is the transfer of information from short to long- term memory through repetition.

     THEORIES OF FORGETTING

The phenomenon of forgetting us experienced by everyone. Sometimes important things or events are forgotten while trivial things are remembered:

1. Decay

- this is the loss of information through none use.

2. Interference

- this refers to information in memory that is displayed its recall.

3. Proactive Interference

- this pertains to information learned earlier which interfers with the recall of newer materials.

4. Retroactive Interference

- this refers to new information that interfere with the recall of information learned earlier.

5. Emotional Blocking

- this involves anxieties and tensions which can impair memory.

REFLECTION:

To have long term memory we need to focus on the things that we need to retain, if we not give attention to it it will retain in our mind in a short period of time or in our short term memory. As a future teacher I will make sure that I can get my students attention and can focused in my lesson so that the lesson will retain to their long term memory.