LEARNERS WITH EXCEPTIONALITIES

*Disability - is a measurable impairment or limitation that interferes with a person's ability, for example, to walk, lift, hear, or learn.

*Handicap - is a disadvantage that occur as a result of a disability or impairment.  

                                                   

CATEGORIES OF EXCEPTIONALITIES

1. Specific Cognitive or Academic Difficulties:

 a.) Learning Disabilities - involves difficulties in specific cognitive processes like perception, language, memory or metacognition that are not due to other disabilities like mental retardation, emotional or behavioral disorders or sensory impairments.

b.) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ADHD is manifested in both of these: difficulty in focusing and maintaining attention and recurrent hyperactive and impulsive behavior.

c.) Speech and Communication Disorder - us difficulty in spoken language including voice disorders, inability to produce the sounds correctly, difficulty in spoken language comprehension that significantly hamper classroom performance.

2. Social/Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties:

a.) Autism - is a condition manifested by different levels of impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors and limited interest.

b.) Mental Retardation - refers to significant sub-average Intelligence and deficit in adaptive behavior.

 c.) Emotional/Conduct Disorder- involves the presence of emotional states like depression and aggression over a considered able amount of time that they notably disturb learning performance in school.

3. Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments:

a.) Physical and Health Impairments - physical or medical conditions, limited energy and strength, reduced mental alertness and/or little muscle control.

 b.) Severe and Multiple Disabilities - refers to the presence of two or more different types of disability, at a time of a profound level.

4. Sensory Impairments:

 a.) Visual Impairment - condition s when there is malfunction of the eyes or optic nerves that prevent normal vision even with corrective lenses.

 b.) Hearing Impairment - malfunction of the ear or auditory nerves that hinders perception of sounds within the frequency range of normal speech.

5. Giftedness - involves a significant high level of cognitive development.

REFLECTION: 

Not all children were lucky there are some who's did not, they have disabilities that is hindrace to  them to learn and to socialized with others. instead of ignoring them lets help them to inhance there abilities that they have.